Before Bhutan became a protectorate of the UK in 1907, it maintained a tributary relationship with the Qing Empire. After the end of British colonization, Bhutan became a protectorate of India instead. Bhutan and India signed the Treaty of Friendship, under which Bhutan is to follow the directives of India in terms of diplomacy and national defense. Hence, Bhutan has very few diplomatic allies, with diplomatic relationships established with a mere 54 countries, and is the only member state of the United Nations with no diplomatic relations with either the People’s Republic of China or Taiwan.