Year Founded: 1988
Originally a geographical area in name only, Palestine sits between the Mediterranean Sea and the Dead Sea plateau, roughly covering the west bank of the Jordan River, east Jerusalem, and the Gaza Strip according to the current definition. People who have lived in these areas over the generations are known as Palestinians, in differentiation to the Israeli Jews who moved here. In 1993, the Palestine Liberation Organization signed the Oslo Accords with Israel and established the Palestinian National Authority. However, with the standing conflict between Israel and Palestine and the territory undefined, so far they are still unable to establish themselves as a state. Palestine became an observer state of the United Nations in 2012 as the State of Palestine, with 138 states recognizing its sovereignty. Those that do not share this recognition are mostly European countries and the U.S.